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publication] Jonathan Kwik discusses the use of autonomous weapon technologies

the practical and legal challenges of deploying autonomous weapon systems (AWS) in the context of quickly advancing artificial intelligence (AI). AI, once a more unknown technology, is now inextricably woven into our daily life, and influences everything from online services to law enforcement, and media. Photo: iStock

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[New book chapter] Autonomous weapons

Publishing, Magdalena Pacholska demystifies autonomous weapons systems (AWS); identifies the main legal issues they might possibly pose and offers possible solutions. The chapter is designed to serve as a cheat sheet for both experts and the general public looking for an overview of this increasingly complicated debate.…

[Blog] ‘Meaningful human control over autonomous weapons and International Criminal Law’

concept of meaningful human control over lethal autonomous weapons (LAWS). Bo suggests that a treaty obligation on meaningful human control must therefore be adopted and articulated in terms of legal duties to act on individuals. It must ensure that human operators are capable to exercise the duty to take precautions: ‘Under…

Blog: Lethal autonomous weapons, war crimes, and the Convention on Conventional Weapons

Global, that there is a lack of discussion on autonomous weapons and criminal responsibility for war crimes at the UN level. The blog post highlights the importance of this issue and why there should be more discussions, especially within the framework of the Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW). The original blog post has…

[DILEMA lecture] Remote, autonomous weapons and human agency

a DILEMA Lecture on the topic of ‘Remote, autonomous weapons and human agency’. Abstract Artificial intelligence is starting to permeate many aspects of our lives and autonomous weapon technologies are the subject of increasing academic attention, not least in the recently published Oslo Manual. During this lecture, Professor…

[New podcast] Lethal Autonomous Weapons: 10 things we want to know

A new podcast series 'Lethal Autonomous Weapons: 10 things we want to know' was launched with Asser researcher Marta Bo. The podcast series is a part of the LAWS & War Crimes research project at the Graduate Institute (Geneva). Over a series of ten episodes, members of the research team will interview various experts around…

[New blog] Three lessons on the regulation of autonomous weapons systems to ensure accountability..

(SIPRI) offer three lessons on the regulation of autonomous weapons systems to ensure accountability for violations of international humanitarian law (IHL). Ahead of a high-level UN meeting on autonomous weapons of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (GGE) on March 6-10 March in Geneva, the…

[New publication] Autonomous weapons and the responsibility gap in the ICC statute

in the context of attacks performed with semi-autonomous weapons or with the support of artificial intelligence (AI) in targeting decision-making. Instead of ‘piercing the fog of war’, military AI could thicken it further. With the deployment of fully lethal autonomous weapons, fatal errors might translate into attacks against…

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[New publication] Failures to stop autonomous weapon systems as a war crime?

of holding people accountable for the actions of autonomous weapon systems during wartime. Could individuals be held responsible if they fail to prevent autonomous weapon systems from carrying out illegal attacks in a conflict? In the article “Criminal responsibility by omission for failures to stop autonomous weapon systems”…

[Register now] DILEMA lecture: Remote, autonomous weapons and human agency

have autonomy in the age of AI? How are remote, autonomous weapons regulated under international law? On Monday 22 February 2021 (16.00 CET / 15.00 GMT), Professor Bill Boothby will deliver a DILEMA Lecture on the topic of ‘Remote, autonomous weapons and human agency’. Click here for more information and registration. Abstract…

[Online DILEMA lecture] Artificial intelligence, autonomous weapon systems, and accidents in war

on the topic of ‘Artificial intelligence, autonomous weapon systems, and accidents in war’. Artificial intelligence, autonomous weapon systems, cyberoperations, and other new military technologies are challenging core legal assumptions by facilitating previously rare actions, blurring established legal categories, and exposing…

Lawfully Using Autonomous Weapon Technologies

to the question of how to lawfully employ autonomous weapon systems (AWS) from the point-of-view of the technology's end-users: field commanders. While there is international consensus that targeting rules such as proportionality and precautions must be respected when using AWS, there is legal and practical ambiguity as to how…

Unpacking the responsibility gap(s) arising from AI applications in weapon technologies

Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) highlights this lack of comprehension, with delegations often referring to the need ensure accountability and address responsibility gaps, without engaging with this issue in an in-depth manner. The purpose of this symposium is to identify the main…

PhD researcher Jonathan Kwik sparks debate on AI weapons with groundbreaking dissertation

exploring the legal implications of AI-powered weapons, has garnered significant media attention, triggering important conversations about the future of armed conflict. Several newspapers and publications have featured Kwik's work, highlighting his nuanced approach to this complex issue. Dutch newspaper Het Parool dedicated an…

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responsibility in the development and use of autonomous..

of international humanitarian law involving autonomous weapons systems. As the risk of autonomous weapons systems become increasingly pervasive, ensuring that humans retain responsibility for the development and use of autonomous weapons systems (AWS) becomes more urgent. Despite this urgency, the debate on human responsibility…

Criminal responsibility of programmers of autonomous..

for harms caused by self-driving cars and autonomous weapons. Partially automated driver-assist systems were involved in hundreds of crashes in the past year according to U.S. safety regulators. On top of that, a UN report on the Libyan civil war suggests that autonomous weapons are already in use. In this report, a panel of…

Panel discussion: Human control over Autonomous Military Technologies

discussion on the topic of ‘Human Control over Autonomous Military Technologies’ from 14:30 to 17:00. The event is organised in the context of the new Winter Academy on Artificial Intelligence and International Law, taking place from 11–15 February 2019 and is open upon invitation. The purpose of the panel discussion is to…

and humanitarian interests: Scaling the scope of autonomous..

methodology to help characterise attacks by autonomous weapon systems (AWS). This could provide greater clarity on the legality of such attacks under international law, benefiting both civilians and belligerents. The new publication ‘The scope of an autonomous attack’ by Asser Institute researcher Jonathan Kwik addresses a…

Rebecca Crootof on ‘Artificial intelligence, autonomous..

address the topic of ‘Artificial intelligence, autonomous weapon systems, and accidents in war’. To read more and register for this event, click here. The next DILEMA lecture will take place on Monday 22 February 2021 (16.00 CET / 15.00 GMT). Dr William H. Boothby (Australian National University) will speak on the topic of…

Experts urge immediate safeguards on military use of AI Decision-Support systems

humanitarian law and human judgment. Unlike autonomous weapon systems, which have been the focus of UN discussions for over a decade, AI-DSS remain largely unregulated and under-scrutinised. Photo: Diy13

Dr Marta Bo LL.M.

Dr Jonathan Kwik

[New publication] ‘Iterative assessment’: A framework for safer military AI systems?

In a new publication, researcher Jonathan Kwik (Asser Institute) proposes an innovative approach to reduce civilian harm from successive deployments of military artificial intelligence (AI) systems. The chapter offers practical guidance for militaries committed to responsible AI use, providing a roadmap based on International…

Call for Papers - Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law, Vol. 21 (2018)

General Theme: Weapons Law In recent years numerous developments have again highlighted the importance of Weapons Law for preventing and regulating armed conflict. The use of chemical weapons in Syria, the ups-and-downs of the Iranian Nuclear Deal or the policies of the current US administration brought NBC weapons back to…

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[Op-ed] Scholars warn for silent revolution in warfare driven by AI-powered decision systems

ResearchersMarta Bo(Asser Institute) andJessica Dorsey(Utrecht University) have published a critical op-ed in Dutch quality paper NRC Handelsblad, shedding light on a silent revolution in modern warfare. Their piece, titled "Er is een stille revolutie gaande in de manier waarop strijdkrachten beslissingen nemen in oorlogstijd,"…

[Early career conference] Emerging disruptive technology and arms control

[New publication] “Digital yes-men: How to deal with sycophantic military AI?”

In a new publication, researcher Jonathan Kwik (Asser Institute) examines sycophantic military AI assistants. He explores the reasons behind ‘bootlicking’ behaviour in AI systems, highlights the significant battlefield dangers it presents, and proposes a two-part strategy comprising improved design and enhanced training to…

[Blog post] ICC warrants for Netanyahu and Gallant could be a watershed moment for AI accountability in warfare

In a new blog post for OpinioJuris, legal expert Marta Bo (Asser Institute) argues that the recent ICC arrest warrants for Israeli officials Netanyahu and Gallant could offer a unique opportunity to set a precedent for addressing the complex ethical and legal implications of using artificial intelligence in warfare. Photo:…

[ASIL 2021] Roundtable on international law’s role in the governance of AI

Law’s Role in the Governance of AI: Autonomous weapons as a case study’. The roundtable will examine the ways in which international law needs to reorganise its engagement with AI, using the issue of autonomous weapons as a case study. Speakers will discuss how AI is challenging existing practices within the law of armed…

[Policy brief] Can Rules of Engagement and military directives effectively control military AI?

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to reshape modern warfare, the need for effective control over military AI systems has become increasingly urgent. Insights from a recent expert workshop, led by researcher Jonathan Kwik and colleagues, underscore the need for strategic, flexible, and context-specific AI guidelines.

Dr Berenice Boutin

Blog: Who is responsible for the war crimes of killer robots?

for war crimes committed with the use of Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS) has led to rising legal concerns over their development. States are facing the daunting task of trying to assess the technical, legal, ethical and policy questions raised by the development and use of LAWS in armed conflicts. The principle of…

[DILEMA lecture] Which practices shape norms? Retaining human control over the use of force

over the use of force’. Abstract The debate on autonomous weapons often characterises such systems as future problems in need of pre-emptive regulation. At the Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on lethal autonomous weapons in Geneva, states parties therefore debate potentially codifying ‘meaningful’ human control as a new…

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[International Humanitarian Law] Taylor Woodcock: ‘We should focus on the effects of..

discusses today’s ‘overshadowing focus on autonomous weapon systems (aws) in warfare’, and the consequential lack of attention to other military applications of artificial intelligence, such as the use of data-driven algorithms to assist with target recognition, decision-making aids, for military tasking and to support…

New Year’s academic resolutions? Achieve them with our training programmes in 2025

Stop procrastinating. Start exercising. Get organised. You know the drill…. The academic choices you make this year are yours, and they have the potential to shape your future in significant ways. So stay ahead in your studies and career with our 2025 training programmes! Join us in The Hague, City of Peace and Justice, to…

Dr Stavros Evdokimos Pantazopoulos

Asser researcher wins NWO grant to research AI in the military context

At the same time, the increasing use of autonomous technologies and adaptive systems in the military context poses profound ethical, legal, and policy challenges. Ethical and lawful uses of AIThis research project sets out to ensure that military AI technologies support but never replace critical judgement and decision-making…

Taylor Kate Woodcock LL.M.

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[New publication] Military artificial intelligence and the principle of distinction: A state..

responsibility. She argues that should the fully autonomous weapons - that is machine learning-based lethal systems capable of changing their own rules of operation - ever be fielded, they ought to be conceptualised as state agents, and treated akin to state organs. Military artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled technology…

[New blog post] ‘What law applies when the alien worldship attacks?’

In a thought-provoking new blog post, authors Jonathan Kwik (Asser Institute) and Hendrik Mathis Drößler (University of Salzburg) are using a spectacular fictional conflict - an alien world-ship hovering over Europe - to demonstrate how fictional scenarios can be used for teaching, applying and stress-testing international…

Catch up on those international law podcasts

adapting. 7. Criminal Law and Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems: autonomous weapons and accountability Asser Institute researcher Dr Marta Bo talks to the Law and Future of War podcast series about autonomous weapons and accountability under international criminal law. How can individuals be held to account for misuses of lethal…

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[DILEMA roundtable] International governance of military AI: The way forward

of emerging technologies in the area of lethal autonomous weapon systems have taken place in Geneva in the context of the meetings of the Parties to the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. Although useful to seek a global common understanding and reach some consensus on the regulation and governance of autonomous…

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[New Publication] Performance or explainability? A law of war perspective

performance in artificial intelligence-enabled weapons systems from a legal perspective. They introduce a general guideline for decision-makers, derived from existing international humanitarian law principles, on striking a balance in a way that complies with international law. A UN report on the Libyan civil war suggests that…

[Public panel] How to design and regulate for effective human-machine interaction in military AI?

applications of AI have heavily focused on autonomous weapon systems (AWS), while other existing and potential uses of AI in the military domain have received less attention. In particular, the increasing deployment of decision-support systems (DSS) raises a number of critical legal, ethical, and technical challenges. DSS are…

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[New publication] The influence of AI decision-support systems on legal assessments in military..

law (IHL). Reliance on decision-support systems Autonomous weapons systems are often the first thing people think of when it comes to military AI. However, software-based applications of AI related to surveillance, and decision-making support also have a major impact on military operations. The release of Open AI’s ChatGPT,…

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[Interview] Klaudia Klonowska: “The calls for ‘human judgement’ in AI warfare are not matched by developments in military defence”

As artificial intelligence (AI) continues to shape the future of military operations, Asser Institute PhD researcher Klaudia Klonowska discusses how machine learning is rapidly transforming military decision-making, particularly in terms of AI-enabled decision-support systems (AI-DSS).“Despite AI’s portrayal in the media as a…

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[New publication] State responsibility in relation to military applications of artificial..

debates have focused on questions raised by autonomous weapons systems (AWS), without paying significant attention to issues raised by other potential applications of AI in the military domain. Boutin’s article provides a comprehensive analysis of state responsibility in relation to military AI. It discusses state…

[Interview] Jonathan Kwik: "I am bridging the gap between the technical and the legal domains"

his PhD dissertation entitled: ‘Lawfully using autonomous weapon technologies: A theoretical and operational perspective’. Jonathan Kwik: “What is often missed by jurists is the factual, concrete understanding of what technology can do and what its limitations are”. An interview. Autonomous weapons systems operate…

The preliminary programme for the winter academy on artificial intelligence and international law..

rights AI and international humanitarian law Autonomous weapons systems and human dignity Human control over autonomous military technologies AI and international criminal law AI and state responsiblity AI and legal personality Private standards and corporate responsibility Geopolitics of AI AI and global security European…

[New research papers] Artificial intelligence and warfare

of meaningful human control (MHC) in debates on autonomous weapon systems and military AI more broadly. The authors propose a legal compliance-by-design approach to refine and operationalise the concept of MHC so that it may support the international legal framework in addressing the complex realities of…

Arms transfer under international law

in International Law(with some remarks on Autonomous Weapons) -Netta Goussac (29 January at 4 pm) Due diligence and the liability of corporations for Arms Transfers -Machiko Kanetake and Cedric Ryngaert Criminal Accountabilityand Arms Transfer -TBD Transfer of dual-use technologies: An International and European Law Perspective…

Asser’s First Winter Academy on Artificial Intelligence and International Law

case studies, and thematic sessions focusing on autonomous weapons systems and other uses of AI in the military as a case study, exploring issues of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and other fields of international law in this context. A big thank you to @CityOfTheHague and its Mayor @PaulineKrikke…

[New publication] Europe’s geopolitical shift: The EU’s role in a reordering world

In the new book “A Geopolitical Europe in the Making? The EU’s Actorness in a (De-)Globalising World”, the editors emphasise that the European Union’s strategic goals should be assessed by how effectively it performs in world politics. They conclude that the European Union has made major strides in projecting geopolitical…

[Doctoral seminar] Arms control and emerging disruptive technologies

biological, nuclear and certain conventional weapons. Yet many of these existing arms control regimes are ill-equipped to deal with twentieth-first century challenges. In particular, arms control is struggling to adapt to emerging disruptive technologies. Three challenges stand out: firstly, the acceleration of innovation by…

[New Publication] Is wearing sunglasses an attack? Obligations under international humanitarian law..

who can be held responsible in that case. All weapons have countermeasures, and autonomous weapons, weapons that can select and engage targets without further intervention by humans, using artificial intelligence (AI) are no different. In 2017, researchers 3D-printed a seemingly ordinary turtle. However, when photos of the…

[Interview] Arms control law chair Thilo Marauhn: ‘We need to adapt current arms control law to..

the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) here in The Hague, in 1993. The OPCW is the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention, and oversees the global endeavour to eliminate chemical weapons. This was a positive change that emerged towards the end of the Cold War and the early years of the…

SAVE THE DATE: 2020 Winter Academy on Artificial Intelligence & International law

rights AI and international humanitarian law Autonomous weapons systems and human dignity Human control over autonomous military technologies AI and international criminal law AI and state responsiblity AI and legal personality Private standards and corporate responsibility Geopolitics of AI AI and global security European…

[Research seminar] LAWS in international law

law’. It is unclear what exactly lethal autonomous weapon systems (LAWS) are, whether and how they might comply with international humanitarian law (IHL), and whether human control over and responsibility for their operations can be ensured. Despite these uncertainties, in a stunning display of circularity, the emerging…

[Masterclass] Law and ethics of artificial intelligence in defence and security

defence and security sectors. The risks posed by autonomous weapon systems (so-called ‘killer robots’) are at the forefront of news coverage and international discussions, yet the opportunities and challenges of using AI for defence and security go far beyond this narrow and hypothetical frame. Today already, AI technologies…

[Interview] PhD researcher Taylor Woodcock: ‘Does reliance on AI in the military alter how..

PhD researcher, is to shift the discussion from autonomous weapons towards the area of software-based AI. To date, there have been extensive discussions on autonomous weapon systems, but there should also be a greater focus on software-based applications of AI that can have significant implications in the military sphere.There…

New training to boost capacity in tackling international crimes

research on emerging military technologies, autonomous weapons systems and their compliance with international humanitarina law; criminal responsibility for war crimes committed with autonomous weapon systems; AI and criminal responsibility; automation biases and mens rea for crimes committed with autonomous or automated…

[DILEMA Lecture] The ethics of human–robot interaction

ethics of self-driving cars, humanoid robots, autonomous weapons systems, deep brain stimulation, human enhancement, and self-tracking technologies. Programme16:45–17:00 Arrival and registration 17:00–17:05 Introductory remarks - Dr Berenice Boutin, Senior Researcher in International Law, DILEMA Project Leader (Asser…

[Annual Report 2020] ‘The year of Zoom’

sports law, artificial intelligence, autonomous weapons, and international criminal law. They intervened in various public debates, including on the outcome of the Ayyash et al. Judgment before the Special Tribunal for Lebanon; on the International Court of Justice ruling in the France and Equatorial Guinea property dispute,…

[Conference] AI across security domains: Law, power, and governance in a fragmented landscape

and the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems, while regulatory initiatives such as the EU AI Act address civilian and dual-use applications. At the same time, private sector actors increasingly shape both technological development and normative frameworks. This conference moves beyond siloed…

[Blog post] AI-based targeting in Gaza: Asser researcher Klonowska refines the debate on military AI

the Israel Defense technically different from autonomous weapons systems (AWS). AI-DSS process and filter information that is then presented to a human operator who makes the final decision of authorising a target. Although this system suggests that there is a greater level of human involvement in decision-making compared to…

Can ChatGPT solve legal dilemmas related to the military use of artificial intelligence?

of the use of military applications of AI. While autonomous weapons systems often grab the headlines when it comes to military AI, software-based applications of AI can also have a major impact on the military. These applications can range from AI-powered decision-support systems for intelligence and targeting to coordination…

[Workshop] Who are ‘humans’ in military artificial intelligence?

casualties. Over the past decade, the rise of autonomousweapons systems (AWS) and AI-powered military tools has sparked intense ethical, humanitarian, and legal debates. Since 2014, discussions within the United Nations Convention on Conventional Weapons (CCW) have focused on potential regulations for ‘lethal’ AWS, highlighting…

[New publication] Many hands in the black box: Artificial intelligence and the responsibility of..

to require IOs to conduct a legal review of new weapons and technologies. Read the full chapter Magda Pacholska, “Many Hands in the Black Box: Artificial Intelligence and the Responsibility of International Organizations, Asser SSRN Research Paper, forthcoming in R. Deplano, R. Collins and A. Berkes (eds.) Reassessing the…

[HILAC Lecture] Expert manuals in international humanitarian law

technologies such as cyber warfare, advanced and autonomous weapons systems, and the legal aspects of human enhancement techniques in the armed forces. She is the author of Cyber War and Laws of War (Cambridge University Press, 2012). Heather has served as a member of advisory groups to the Swedish Government on autonomous…

[DILEMA 2023 Conference] Designing international law and ethics into military artificial intelligence

The potential embedding of AI technologies in weapons systems has been an important subject of scholarly as well as policy debates for many years. More recently, other applications of AI in the military domain, such as AI-driven decision support systems for intelligence, surveillance, risk assessment, detention operations, or…

[Blog] Artificial intelligence: Is the answer more law?

of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems (LAWS). Though these debates demonstrate a lack of consensus around the definition of key terms related to LAWS, generally they revolve around technologies that exhibit ‘full autonomy’ in critical targeting functions, that is to say, weapon systems which…

[Interview] Asser researcher Sadjad Soltanzadeh: ‘It is important for us to study human activities..

they interact with each other. This includes the autonomous systems, how they function, what are the things that they could or could not do based on legal or ethical reasons. Apart from this, we dig a bit deeper from the questions of whether it's good or bad to have a particular technology to also look at how each technology…

[Interview] James Patrick Sexton: ‘There is a contrast between the dedication to prosecute war..

responsibility in the development and use of autonomous weapon systems In a report for the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), Marta Bo with Laura Bruun and Vincent Boulanin tackle how humans can be held responsible for violations of international humanitarian law involving autonomous weapons systems.

[Interview] Asser researcher Berenice Boutin: “Now is the moment to govern and regulate Artificial..

border control’. We will also look at the use of autonomous weapon systems, or ‘killer robots’ as some people call them.” Why is it important to learn about AI? “In recent years, advanced self-learning algorithms have raised a number of concerns. In order to achieve the potential benefits of new technologies such as AI, it is…

“A Tale of Two Cities”: The Roles of Geneva and The Hague, two UN cities, in Driving Global Justice

start a multi-annual joint research project on autonomous weapons and international criminal law this summer. Just recently, the Asser Institute organised a panel discussion with the ICRC on ‘The Role of International Criminal Law in Fostering Compliance with International Humanitarian Law: Past and Future Perspectives'. “It is…

[Call for papers] Law and ethics of AI in the public sector

and accountability. Current debates on autonomous weapons systems, the use of facial recognition in public spaces, risk-assessment algorithms in the judicial system, or automated detection of welfare fraud, demonstrate that the implementation of data-driven policy-making and algorithmic decision-making in the public sector is a…

[Book launch symposium] The role and impact of technologies on human activities

autonomy and human agency in the context of autonomous systems. Sadjad has a multidisciplinary background and has experienced diverse workplace and academic environments in Iran, the Netherlands, and Australia. He has masters and Doctorate degrees in Philosophy of Science and Philosophy of Technology. He is also a qualified and…

[The year in review] Rethinking international law: From Memory Laws to AI and war crimes

implications and potential consequences of autonomous weapons systems. “There have been extensive discussions on autonomous weapon systems, but there should be a greater focus on software-based applications of AI that can have significant implications in the military sphere.” Read more. 7. [Interview] Counterterrorism expert…

Artificial Intelligence & Blockchain for Good: Using Technology to Foster Trust

15:20 - 15:50 Keynote Lecture: Leveraging Autonomous Decentralised Governance: Convergence of AI and Blockchain for Good Toufi Saliba (Global ACM Chair Practitioners Board CC and co-author of Toda Protocol) 15:50 - 16:30 Cross-Reflections: Policy, Ethics, and Law Catelijne Muller (Member of the EU High Level Expert Group on…

[2019 Winter Academy] Artificial Intelligence and International Law

rights AI and international humanitarian law Autonomous weapons systems and human dignity Human control over autonomous military technologies AI and international criminal law AI and state responsibility AI and legal personality Private standards regulation of AI Geopolitics of AI European governance of AI International…

[2020 Winter Academy] Artificial Intelligence and International Law

rights AI and international humanitarian law Autonomous weapons systems and human dignity Human control over autonomous military technologies AI and international criminal law AI and state responsiblity Geopolitics of AI European governance of AI International governance of AI Speakers include: Susie Alegre (Doughty Street…

[Online conference] Law and ethics of artificial intelligence in the public sector: From principles to practice and policy

and accountability. Current debates on autonomous weapons systems, the use of facial recognition in public spaces, risk-assessment algorithms in the judicial system, or automated detection of welfare fraud, demonstrate that the implementation of data-driven policy-making and algorithmic decision-making in the public sector is a…

[Blog post] The ‘need’ for speed – The cost of unregulated AI-Decision Support Systems to civilians

is on the rise. AI-DSS are not technically autonomous –they merely generate targets rather than launch attacks– and so they have received comparatively less attention than autonomous weapons systems. This partly stems from the belief that human decision-making still plays a big role when launching attacks involving AI-DSS, but…

Call for Papers on expert panel manuals for the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law

more such manuals will follow on topics such as autonomous weapons systems, bio-enhancement and other emerging technologies at some point. What should the contributions focus on? While these manuals can and do play an undoubtedly useful role, their proliferation raises a number of questions. What degree of authority do they…

DILEMA research project on military AI formally started

This month, the DILEMA research project on Designing international law and ethics into military artificial intelligence formally started. This project, funded by NWO–MVI Programme on Responsible Innovation, explores interdisciplinary perspectives on military AI, with a focus on legal, ethical, and technical perspectives on…

Asser SSRN research paper series

2024 Research Papers Kwik, J.‘The Scope of an Autonomous Attack’, Asser Research Paper 2024-02 (SSRN). Kwik, J.‘Is wearing these sunglasses an attack? Obligations under IHL related to anti-AI countermeasures’, Asser Research Paper 2024-01 (SSRN), forthcoming in:International Review of the Red Cross (2024). 2023Research Papers…

[CLEER Summer School] EU external relations law in the age of geopolitics: The power of law and the law of power

Merijn Chamon: Mixed agreements: undermining EU autonomous action? 13:00 - Lunch 14:00 - Peter Van Elsuwege: The law and politics of EU sanctions 15:30 - Coffee break 16:00 - Eleftheria Neframi: Green and digital transition: external dimensions 17:30 - Reception and drinks Programme - Day 2: 25 June 2026 9:00 - Eva Kassoti: The…

A new year and a new research agenda: 'Rethinking public interests in international and European..

- and how - in the ongoing UN debates on autonomous weapons systems? That of the powerful or the powerless? The act of rethinking public interests in international and European law may also amount to an exercise of reclaiming the public interest. We believe a responsible research agenda includes both possibilities, and a…

[Short course] Military AI: International law and governance

and uses in the field of military AI, including Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) and AI-Decision Support Systems (DSS) AI-related concepts —such as predictability, explainability, and traceability —that are crucial for policymakers and experts to advance regulatory debates; The different regimes of international law that play a…

[Short course] Military AI: International law and governance

and uses in the field of military AI, including Autonomous Weapon Systems (AWS) and AI-Decision Support Systems (DSS) AI-related concepts —such as predictability, explainability, and traceability —that are crucial for policymakers and experts to advance regulatory debates; The different regimes of international law that play a…

In the media

on Germany's suspension of weapons exports to Israel. Given Germany's prominent role, other European states could follow suit with similar policies, or enhance their export controls and risk assessments to prevent downstream damage, Castellanos-Jankiewicz said. (8 August 2025) Academic director Machiko Kanetake (Asser…

[CLEER summer school] EU External relations law

Chamon:Mixed agreements – undermining EU autonomous action? 19:00– End of Day 2 Programme – Day 3: 25 June 2025 EU External Relations: A Practitioner's Perspective 09:30–Anders Neergaard:The European Parliament in EU external relations 11:00– Coffee break 11:30–Antonios Antoniadis & Josephine Norris:Recent developments in EU…

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